diff --git a/slideshow.ipynb b/slideshow.ipynb
index 961a2270cdc58a64172dc1f64d64e2f743d27741..53bd2607ba2dccdfd5e889a1330c60067046abb3 100644
--- a/slideshow.ipynb
+++ b/slideshow.ipynb
@@ -23,15 +23,17 @@
    "source": [
     "# Why NumPy?\n",
     "\n",
-    "Lists are cool, but not for arithmetic."
+    "Lists are cool, but not for large scientific data.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Python builtin container types like lists, tuples, dicts, and sets are very flexible. However, these types don't store things efficiently when it comes to many elements. Everything in python (even integers) are complete python objects. They take up much more memory and are harder to use efficiently than their C-level counterparts. Not only that, but it isn't easy to perform basic arithmetic on the numbers in these containers."
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
-     "slide_type": "subslide"
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@
        "[1, 2, 3]"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 4,
+     "execution_count": 1,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@
        "[6, 7, 8]"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 6,
+     "execution_count": 2,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@
        "array([6, 7, 8])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 9,
+     "execution_count": 3,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -139,19 +141,19 @@
        "(10, 5)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 12,
+     "execution_count": 4,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
     "my_arr = np.zeros((10, 5))\n",
-    "my_arr.shape"
+    "my_arr.shape  # 10 rows, 5 columns"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@
        "2"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 13,
+     "execution_count": 5,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 16,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@
        "dtype('float64')"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 16,
+     "execution_count": 6,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 14,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -212,18 +214,18 @@
        "50"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 14,
+     "execution_count": 7,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "my_arr.size"
+    "my_arr.size  # number of elements"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 15,
+   "execution_count": 8,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -236,18 +238,18 @@
        "400"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 15,
+     "execution_count": 8,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "my_arr.nbytes"
+    "my_arr.nbytes  # total number of bytes for all data"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 17,
+   "execution_count": 9,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -264,18 +266,18 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 17,
+     "execution_count": 9,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "my_arr.T"
+    "my_arr.T  # transpose"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 18,
+   "execution_count": 10,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@
        "(5, 10)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 18,
+     "execution_count": 10,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -308,7 +310,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 19,
+   "execution_count": 11,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@
        "array([1, 2, 3])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 19,
+     "execution_count": 11,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 113,
+   "execution_count": 12,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -345,7 +347,7 @@
        "array([1.2, 2.2, 3.2])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 113,
+     "execution_count": 12,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 115,
+   "execution_count": 13,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -369,7 +371,7 @@
        "array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=float32)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 115,
+     "execution_count": 13,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 165,
+   "execution_count": 14,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -393,7 +395,7 @@
        "array([ True, False,  True,  True,  True,  True])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 165,
+     "execution_count": 14,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 23,
+   "execution_count": 15,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 23,
+     "execution_count": 15,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 24,
+   "execution_count": 16,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -443,7 +445,7 @@
        "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 24,
+     "execution_count": 16,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 27,
+   "execution_count": 17,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -468,7 +470,7 @@
        "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 27,
+     "execution_count": 17,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -479,7 +481,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 33,
+   "execution_count": 18,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -493,7 +495,7 @@
        "       [2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35, 2.35]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 33,
+     "execution_count": 18,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 34,
+   "execution_count": 19,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -518,7 +520,7 @@
        "       [nan, nan, nan, nan, nan, nan, nan, nan, nan, nan]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 34,
+     "execution_count": 19,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -529,7 +531,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 64,
+   "execution_count": 20,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -542,7 +544,7 @@
        "(10, 5)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 64,
+     "execution_count": 20,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -553,7 +555,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 65,
+   "execution_count": 21,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -575,7 +577,7 @@
        "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 65,
+     "execution_count": 21,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -586,7 +588,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 31,
+   "execution_count": 22,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -603,7 +605,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 1.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 31,
+     "execution_count": 22,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -614,7 +616,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 32,
+   "execution_count": 23,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -631,7 +633,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 32,
+     "execution_count": 23,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -642,7 +644,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 36,
+   "execution_count": 24,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@
        "array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 36,
+     "execution_count": 24,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -666,7 +668,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 40,
+   "execution_count": 25,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -679,7 +681,7 @@
        "array([0., 1., 2., 3., 4.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 40,
+     "execution_count": 25,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -690,7 +692,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 41,
+   "execution_count": 26,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -703,7 +705,7 @@
        "array([5., 6., 7.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 41,
+     "execution_count": 26,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -714,7 +716,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 43,
+   "execution_count": 27,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -727,7 +729,7 @@
        "array([ 5. , 10.2, 15.4, 20.6])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 43,
+     "execution_count": 27,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -738,7 +740,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 42,
+   "execution_count": 28,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -751,7 +753,7 @@
        "array([], dtype=float64)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 42,
+     "execution_count": 28,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 66,
+   "execution_count": 29,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -775,7 +777,7 @@
        "array([8. , 6.8, 5.6])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 66,
+     "execution_count": 29,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -786,7 +788,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 47,
+   "execution_count": 30,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -803,7 +805,7 @@
        "       14.16666667, 14.625     , 15.08333333, 15.54166667, 16.        ])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 47,
+     "execution_count": 30,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -814,7 +816,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 50,
+   "execution_count": 31,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -829,7 +831,7 @@
        "       12.92, 13.36, 13.8 , 14.24, 14.68, 15.12, 15.56])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 50,
+     "execution_count": 31,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -840,7 +842,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 51,
+   "execution_count": 32,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -857,7 +859,7 @@
        "        14.16666667, 14.625     , 15.08333333, 15.54166667, 16.        ]), 0.4583333333333333)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 51,
+     "execution_count": 32,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -868,7 +870,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 59,
+   "execution_count": 33,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -883,7 +885,7 @@
        "        15199.11082953,  28480.35868436,  53366.99231206, 100000.        ])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 59,
+     "execution_count": 33,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -894,7 +896,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 60,
+   "execution_count": 34,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -911,7 +913,7 @@
        "       22.627417  , 24.67537321, 26.90868529, 29.34412938, 32.        ])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 60,
+     "execution_count": 34,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -922,7 +924,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 62,
+   "execution_count": 35,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -938,7 +940,7 @@
        "       [5, 6, 7]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 62,
+     "execution_count": 35,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -950,7 +952,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 63,
+   "execution_count": 36,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -966,7 +968,7 @@
        "       [15, 15, 15]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 63,
+     "execution_count": 36,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -977,7 +979,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 68,
+   "execution_count": 37,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -998,7 +1000,7 @@
        "        [ 5,  6,  7]]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 68,
+     "execution_count": 37,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1010,7 +1012,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 87,
+   "execution_count": 38,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1023,7 +1025,7 @@
        "(10, 10)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 87,
+     "execution_count": 38,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1034,7 +1036,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 94,
+   "execution_count": 39,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1048,7 +1050,7 @@
        "       [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 94,
+     "execution_count": 39,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1059,7 +1061,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 111,
+   "execution_count": 40,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1075,7 +1077,7 @@
        "       [2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 111,
+     "execution_count": 40,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1087,7 +1089,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 134,
+   "execution_count": 41,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1097,11 +1099,11 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([[0.637855  , 0.11200493],\n",
-       "       [0.89870718, 0.27657074]])"
+       "array([[0.41545787, 0.0157101 ],\n",
+       "       [0.54952562, 0.38949899]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 134,
+     "execution_count": 41,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1113,7 +1115,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 139,
+   "execution_count": 42,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1123,10 +1125,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "9"
+       "7"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 139,
+     "execution_count": 42,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1137,7 +1139,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 140,
+   "execution_count": 43,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1147,11 +1149,11 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([[ 9,  8,  6],\n",
-       "       [14, 11, 10]])"
+       "array([[13, 10, 14],\n",
+       "       [ 5,  5, 13]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 140,
+     "execution_count": 43,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1175,7 +1177,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 217,
+   "execution_count": 44,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1184,7 +1186,7 @@
        "array([0., 0., 0., 0.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 217,
+     "execution_count": 44,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1207,7 +1209,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 218,
+   "execution_count": 45,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1216,7 +1218,7 @@
        "array([0., 0., 0., 0.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 218,
+     "execution_count": 45,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1238,7 +1240,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 219,
+   "execution_count": 46,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1247,7 +1249,7 @@
        "array([0., 0., 0., 0.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 219,
+     "execution_count": 46,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1269,7 +1271,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 233,
+   "execution_count": 47,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1282,7 +1284,7 @@
        "(3, 20, 6)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 233,
+     "execution_count": 47,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1294,7 +1296,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 234,
+   "execution_count": 48,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1313,7 +1315,7 @@
        "  UPDATEIFCOPY : False"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 234,
+     "execution_count": 48,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1324,7 +1326,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 236,
+   "execution_count": 49,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1343,7 +1345,7 @@
        "  UPDATEIFCOPY : False"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 236,
+     "execution_count": 49,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1354,7 +1356,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 240,
+   "execution_count": 50,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1373,7 +1375,7 @@
        "  UPDATEIFCOPY : False"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 240,
+     "execution_count": 50,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1397,7 +1399,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 96,
+   "execution_count": 51,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1423,7 +1425,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 97,
+   "execution_count": 52,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1437,7 +1439,7 @@
        "       [ 2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 97,
+     "execution_count": 52,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1448,7 +1450,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 99,
+   "execution_count": 53,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1462,7 +1464,7 @@
        "       [  1,   2,   4,   8,  16,  32,  64, 128, 256, 512]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 99,
+     "execution_count": 53,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1484,7 +1486,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 116,
+   "execution_count": 54,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1493,7 +1495,7 @@
        "array([3.2, 5.5, 7.6], dtype=float32)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 116,
+     "execution_count": 54,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1517,7 +1519,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 168,
+   "execution_count": 55,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1526,7 +1528,7 @@
        "array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 168,
+     "execution_count": 55,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1538,7 +1540,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 171,
+   "execution_count": 56,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1551,7 +1553,7 @@
        "array([False, False, False,  True,  True])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 171,
+     "execution_count": 56,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1562,7 +1564,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 172,
+   "execution_count": 57,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1575,7 +1577,7 @@
        "array([False,  True,  True, False, False])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 172,
+     "execution_count": 57,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1586,7 +1588,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 173,
+   "execution_count": 58,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1599,7 +1601,7 @@
        "array([False,  True,  True, False, False])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 173,
+     "execution_count": 58,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1610,7 +1612,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 175,
+   "execution_count": 59,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1624,7 +1626,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-175-81e674c5a685>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m>\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m<\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-59-81e674c5a685>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m>\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m<\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()"
      ]
     }
@@ -1635,7 +1637,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 174,
+   "execution_count": 60,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1648,7 +1650,7 @@
        "array([0, 0, 0, 2, 4])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 174,
+     "execution_count": 60,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1660,7 +1662,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 176,
+   "execution_count": 61,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1673,7 +1675,7 @@
        "array([3, 5, 7, 7, 7])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 176,
+     "execution_count": 61,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1684,7 +1686,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 177,
+   "execution_count": 62,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1697,7 +1699,7 @@
        "array([3, 5, 7, 5, 3])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 177,
+     "execution_count": 62,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1708,7 +1710,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 178,
+   "execution_count": 63,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1721,7 +1723,7 @@
        "array([False, False, False, False, False])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 178,
+     "execution_count": 63,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1732,7 +1734,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 179,
+   "execution_count": 64,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1745,7 +1747,7 @@
        "array([ True,  True,  True,  True,  True])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 179,
+     "execution_count": 64,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1756,7 +1758,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 182,
+   "execution_count": 65,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1769,7 +1771,7 @@
        "array([False, False, False,  True,  True])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 182,
+     "execution_count": 65,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1781,7 +1783,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 183,
+   "execution_count": 66,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1790,7 +1792,7 @@
        "array([ True,  True,  True, False, False])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 183,
+     "execution_count": 66,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1812,7 +1814,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 120,
+   "execution_count": 67,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1825,7 +1827,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 74,
+   "execution_count": 68,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1838,7 +1840,7 @@
        "array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 74,
+     "execution_count": 68,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1849,7 +1851,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 79,
+   "execution_count": 69,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1862,7 +1864,7 @@
        "0.0"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 79,
+     "execution_count": 69,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1873,7 +1875,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 80,
+   "execution_count": 70,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1886,7 +1888,7 @@
        "array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 80,
+     "execution_count": 70,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1897,7 +1899,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 76,
+   "execution_count": 71,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -1911,7 +1913,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 76,
+     "execution_count": 71,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1922,7 +1924,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 78,
+   "execution_count": 72,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1936,7 +1938,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 78,
+     "execution_count": 72,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1947,7 +1949,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 81,
+   "execution_count": 73,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1964,7 +1966,7 @@
        "       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 81,
+     "execution_count": 73,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -1975,7 +1977,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 122,
+   "execution_count": 74,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -1988,13 +1990,37 @@
        "(5, 1, 10, 1)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 122,
+     "execution_count": 74,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "a[:, None, :, None].shape"
+    "a[:, np.newaxis, :, np.newaxis].shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 75,
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 75,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "np.newaxis is None"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -2005,12 +2031,12 @@
     }
    },
    "source": [
-    "Useful if you need to an array to have a certain number of dimensions."
+    "Useful if you need an array to have a certain number of dimensions."
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 93,
+   "execution_count": 76,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2025,7 +2051,7 @@
        "       8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 93,
+     "execution_count": 76,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2036,7 +2062,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 92,
+   "execution_count": 77,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2058,13 +2084,13 @@
        "       [9, 9, 9, 9, 9]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 92,
+     "execution_count": 77,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "np.repeat(np.arange(10)[:, None], 5, axis=1)"
+    "np.repeat(np.arange(10)[:, np.newaxis], 5, axis=1)"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -2080,12 +2106,8 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 229,
-   "metadata": {
-    "slideshow": {
-     "slide_type": "subslide"
-    }
-   },
+   "execution_count": 78,
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
@@ -2093,7 +2115,7 @@
        "(3, 4, 5)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 229,
+     "execution_count": 78,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2105,7 +2127,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 103,
+   "execution_count": 79,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2118,7 +2140,7 @@
        "(3, 4, 5)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 103,
+     "execution_count": 79,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2129,7 +2151,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 105,
+   "execution_count": 80,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2142,7 +2164,7 @@
        "Ellipsis"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 105,
+     "execution_count": 80,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2165,7 +2187,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 187,
+   "execution_count": 81,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -2175,20 +2197,20 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 150,
+   "execution_count": 82,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([[ True, False,  True,  True, False, False,  True, False],\n",
-       "       [False,  True, False,  True, False, False, False, False],\n",
-       "       [ True, False,  True, False, False,  True, False,  True],\n",
-       "       [ True,  True, False,  True, False, False,  True, False],\n",
-       "       [ True, False,  True, False, False,  True, False, False]])"
+       "array([[ True, False,  True,  True,  True, False, False, False],\n",
+       "       [False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False],\n",
+       "       [False, False, False, False,  True, False, False, False],\n",
+       "       [False,  True, False, False, False, False, False, False],\n",
+       "       [False,  True, False, False,  True, False,  True,  True]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 150,
+     "execution_count": 82,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2199,7 +2221,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 152,
+   "execution_count": 83,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2209,10 +2231,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([ 0,  2,  3,  6,  9, 11, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 37])"
+       "array([ 0,  2,  3,  4, 20, 25, 33, 36, 38, 39])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 152,
+     "execution_count": 83,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2223,7 +2245,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 161,
+   "execution_count": 84,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -2233,10 +2255,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([ 2,  4, 20, 24, 28, 32, 34, 36, 40, 46, 52, 64, 66, 72, 76])"
+       "array([ 0,  4,  6,  8, 40, 50, 66, 72, 76, 78])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 161,
+     "execution_count": 84,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2247,7 +2269,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 162,
+   "execution_count": 85,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2257,14 +2279,14 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([[ 0,  0,  0,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
-       "       [ 8,  9,  0, 11,  0, 13,  0, 15],\n",
-       "       [ 0,  0,  0, 19,  0, 21, 22,  0],\n",
-       "       [24, 25,  0, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31],\n",
-       "       [ 0,  0, 34, 35,  0, 37,  0, 39]])"
+       "array([[ 0,  1,  0,  0,  0,  5,  6,  7],\n",
+       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15],\n",
+       "       [16, 17, 18, 19,  0, 21, 22, 23],\n",
+       "       [24,  0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31],\n",
+       "       [32,  0, 34, 35,  0, 37,  0,  0]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 162,
+     "execution_count": 85,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2277,7 +2299,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 163,
+   "execution_count": 86,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2287,14 +2309,14 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([[100,   1,   2, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107],\n",
-       "       [108, 109,  10, 111,  12, 113,  14, 115],\n",
-       "       [ 16,  17,  18, 119,  20, 121, 122,  23],\n",
-       "       [124, 125,  26, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131],\n",
-       "       [ 32,  33, 134, 135,  36, 137,  38, 139]])"
+       "array([[  0, 101,   2,   3,   4, 105, 106, 107],\n",
+       "       [108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115],\n",
+       "       [116, 117, 118, 119,  20, 121, 122, 123],\n",
+       "       [124,  25, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131],\n",
+       "       [132,  33, 134, 135,  36, 137,  38,  39]])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 163,
+     "execution_count": 86,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2318,20 +2340,56 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 189,
+   "execution_count": 87,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[13,  9, 13, 13, 16,  8, 11, 12],\n",
+       "       [ 9,  7,  9,  5, 10,  7,  6, 12],\n",
+       "       [ 6, 10,  7,  6, 14,  5,  7,  6],\n",
+       "       [10, 16,  9, 12,  7,  6, 11,  9],\n",
+       "       [12, 16, 11,  7, 14, 11, 16, 13]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 87,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "b"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 88,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
     }
    },
-   "outputs": [],
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(array([0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]), array([0, 2, 3, 4, 4, 1, 1, 4, 6, 7]))"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 88,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
    "source": [
-    "idx = np.nonzero(b > 12)"
+    "idx = np.nonzero(b > 12)\n",
+    "idx"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 190,
+   "execution_count": 89,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2341,10 +2399,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([ 3,  8, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 36])"
+       "array([ 0,  2,  3,  4, 20, 25, 33, 36, 38, 39])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 190,
+     "execution_count": 89,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2374,7 +2432,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 191,
+   "execution_count": 90,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2387,7 +2445,7 @@
        "780"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 191,
+     "execution_count": 90,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2398,7 +2456,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 192,
+   "execution_count": 91,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2411,7 +2469,7 @@
        "780"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 192,
+     "execution_count": 91,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2422,7 +2480,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 197,
+   "execution_count": 92,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2435,7 +2493,7 @@
        "0"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 197,
+     "execution_count": 92,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2446,7 +2504,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 198,
+   "execution_count": 93,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2459,7 +2517,7 @@
        "array([ 0,  8, 16, 24, 32])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 198,
+     "execution_count": 93,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2470,7 +2528,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 208,
+   "execution_count": 94,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -2483,7 +2541,7 @@
        "39"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 208,
+     "execution_count": 94,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2494,7 +2552,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 209,
+   "execution_count": 95,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2507,7 +2565,7 @@
        "(4, 7)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 209,
+     "execution_count": 95,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2533,7 +2591,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 254,
+   "execution_count": 96,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -2544,7 +2602,7 @@
        "       fill_value=999999)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 254,
+     "execution_count": 96,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2556,7 +2614,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 243,
+   "execution_count": 97,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -2567,7 +2625,7 @@
        "       fill_value=999999)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 243,
+     "execution_count": 97,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2578,7 +2636,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 244,
+   "execution_count": 98,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -2591,7 +2649,7 @@
        "array([1, 2, 3])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 244,
+     "execution_count": 98,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2602,7 +2660,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 245,
+   "execution_count": 99,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2615,7 +2673,7 @@
        "array([False,  True, False])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 245,
+     "execution_count": 99,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2626,7 +2684,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 256,
+   "execution_count": 100,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2639,7 +2697,7 @@
        "array([1, 0, 3])"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 256,
+     "execution_count": 100,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2650,7 +2708,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 247,
+   "execution_count": 101,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -2665,7 +2723,7 @@
        "       fill_value=999999)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 247,
+     "execution_count": 101,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2692,7 +2750,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 270,
+   "execution_count": 102,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -2713,7 +2771,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 271,
+   "execution_count": 103,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -2724,14 +2782,23 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "Be careful. No dtype or shape information is recorded in the binary file. `fromfile` will read the file as a flat array.\n",
-    "\n",
+    "Be careful. No dtype or shape information is recorded in the binary file. `fromfile` will read the file as a flat array."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
     "An even better option than `fromfile` is to use `memmap`. Instead of loading all of the data in to memory, a memory map keeps the data on disk and only reads what it needs (and other fancy OS-level stuff)."
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 272,
+   "execution_count": 104,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2755,7 +2822,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 273,
+   "execution_count": 105,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -2764,7 +2831,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 275,
+   "execution_count": 106,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2777,7 +2844,7 @@
        "memmap([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=uint8)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 275,
+     "execution_count": 106,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2809,7 +2876,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 276,
+   "execution_count": 107,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -2820,7 +2887,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 278,
+   "execution_count": 108,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2830,10 +2897,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "<numpy.lib.npyio.NpzFile at 0x11f6bbd68>"
+       "<numpy.lib.npyio.NpzFile at 0x10a99ce80>"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 278,
+     "execution_count": 108,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2845,7 +2912,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 280,
+   "execution_count": 109,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "fragment"
@@ -2858,7 +2925,7 @@
        "['my_var1', 'my_var2']"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 280,
+     "execution_count": 109,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -2869,7 +2936,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 281,
+   "execution_count": 110,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -2878,7 +2945,7 @@
        "array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=uint8)"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 281,
+     "execution_count": 110,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }